Perovskite Solar - Page 6

Researchers from Korea's Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Gyeongsang National University (GNU) and Kookmin University have developed a method to improve both the performance and the stability of solar cells using perovskite quantum dots. They developed longer-lasting solar cells by addressing the issue of distortions on the surface of quantum dots, which deteriorate the performance of solar cells.

A schematic diagram of bilateral ligand bonding on the surface of perovskite quantum dots. Image credit: Chemical Engineering Journal

Perovskite quantum dots can have excellent light-to-electricity conversion capabilities and are easy to mass-produce. However, according to the research team, in order to utilize them in solar cells, the ligands attached to the quantum dot surface must be replaced. This process often leads to distortions of the quantum dot surface, resembling crumpled paper, which results in decreased performance and shorter lifespans for the solar cells. To address this issue, the team adopted short ligands that securely hold the quantum dots from both sides, effectively uncrumpling the distorted surface. The ligands help restore the distorted lattice structure, smoothing the crumpled surface of the quantum dots. This significantly reduces surface defects, enabling the solar cells to operate more efficiently and extending their lifespan. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells increased from 13.6% to 15.3%, demonstrating stability by maintaining 83% of their performance for 15 days.

In contrast to conventional (n–i–p) PSCs, inverted (p–i–n) PSCs offer enhanced stability and integrability with tandem solar cell architectures, which have garnered increasing interest. However, p–i–n cells tend to suffer from energy level misalignment with transport layers, imbalanced transport of photo-generated electrons and holes, and significant defects with the perovskite films.

Recently, researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Newcastle University, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center developed a nonionic n-type molecule (tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane (3TPYMB) that, through hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid–base reactions with perovskite surfaces or grain boundaries, enables in situ modulation of perovskite energetics, effectively mitigating the key challenges of p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). 

The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) has been selected to lead the United States Space Force University Consortium/Space Strategic Technology Institute 3 (SSTI) research regarding advanced space power and propulsion, which is backed by $9.9 million in funding.

The research is in partnership with the Air Force Research Laboratory and will enable game-changing space power and propulsion technology that will transition to the U.S. Department of Defense. The University of Michigan is also a lead institution for this research, which will include advancements in solar technology, thruster technology, and novel power approaches. As a center leader for the SSTI, RIT will work with other university partners to develop lower-cost, sustainable solar cells that can be used for power systems.

Researchers from China's Peking University, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) have found that the preparation of metal electrodes by high-vacuum thermal evaporation, an unavoidable step in almost all device fabrication processes, often damages the surface of perovskite films, resulting in component escape, defect density rebound, carrier extraction barrier, and film stability deterioration. Therefore, the prepared perovskite film and the final film actually working in devices are not exactly the same, and the contribution of film optimization to the device improvement is weakened. 

The team designed a bilayer structure composed of graphene oxide and graphite flakes to eliminate the unwanted film inconsistencies and thus save the film optimization loss. The team proceeded to design efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a power conversion efficiency of 25.55%, which demonstrated negligible photovoltaic performance loss after operating for 2000 hours.

Researchers from CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) at Tor Vergata University of Rome, CNR-ISM and Saule Technologies have introduced an optimized blade coating process for the scalable fabrication of large-area (15 cm × 15 cm) perovskite solar modules with a nickel oxide hole transport layer, performed in ambient air and utilizing a non-toxic solvent system. 

The research group fabricated a 110 cm² perovskite solar module with an inverted configuration and a hole transport layer that uses nickel oxide instead of commonly utilized poly(triarylamine) (PTAA). The proposed architecture aims to achieve high efficiency that is competitive with PTAA-based panels while improving stability.

Researchers from EPFL, University of Bern and HZB have introduced a new lead-halide-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure based on a visible-light-absorbing naphthalene-iminoimide cation. The team stated that the optoelectronic properties of this new material represent an important step toward enhancing light harvesting and affording the spatial separation of charge carrier transport in stable layered perovskite-based devices.

Incorporating organic semiconductor building blocks as spacer cations into layered hybrid perovskites provides an opportunity to develop new materials with novel optoelectronic properties, including nanoheterojunctions that afford spatial separation of electron and hole transport. However, identifying organics with suitable structure and electronic energy levels to selectively absorb visible light has been a challenge in the field. In their recent paper, the team introduced a new lead-halide-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure based on a visible-light-absorbing naphthalene-iminoimide cation (NDI-DAE).

Empa spin-off Perovskia has launched perovskite solar cells that can be used in smartwatches, keyboards etc. Perovskia Solar has specialized in custom-made solar cells for electronic devices, and has recently acquired more than ten companies from the Internet of Things (IoT) industry as new customers and received over two million Swiss francs from an international coalition of business angels and early-stage funds. 

“Energy harvesting for IoT devices is a rapidly growing market with a potential of several billion dollars,” said Anand Verma, founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Perovskia. “Our easy-to-integrate designer solar cells either eliminate the need for batteries or extend their lifespan, opening up the possibility of powering any device with solar energy.”

Halocell Energy has entered into an agreement with First Graphene, which will supply graphene for the manufacture of perovskite solar cells.

The initial two-year agreement will result in First Graphene providing its PureGRAPH material to Halocell for use as a high-performing coating for perovskite solar cells. By incorporating PureGRAPH into its products, Halocell Energy hopes to expedite its manufacturing process and enhance light absorbing performance, which will enable the company to scale up commercial production to meet demand.

Scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE have developed a perovskite silicon tandem solar cell with 31.6% efficiency. 

The new 1 cm² solar cell is special in that the perovskite layer of the top cell was deposited on an industrially textured silicon heterojunction solar cell using a hybrid manufacturing route. The successful use of textured standard silicon solar cells and the uniform application of the perovskite layer on the texturized surface are important prerequisites for the industrial production of perovskite silicon tandem solar cells.

An EU-funded Laperitivo project was launched earlier this month, focused on manufacturing large-area stable perovskite solar modules. Laperitivo stands for “large-area perovskite solar module manufacturing with high efficiency, long-term stability, and low environmental impact.” The project aims to achieve 22% efficiency for 900 cm² opaque panels and 20% for semi-transparent modules with more than 95% bifaciality.

The team will focus, among other things, on solving scalability challenges, to promote large-scale mass production with minimized losses. The abstract of the project’s EU funding paper also states that: “Indoor and outdoor field tests will be performed to monitor module reliability. Safety, circularity, and sustainability will be assessed to demonstrate products with minimized environmental impact.”