Perovskite Solar - Page 3

According to reports, Datong City is currently cooperating with companies such as CATL to promote the implementation of a 1.52 MW perovskite demonstration zone. After completion, the project will become the country's largest commercial perovskite ground photovoltaic project.

It was said that the installed capacity of new energy and renewable energy in Datong City has reached 9.29 million kilowatts, accounting for 53.7% of the city's total installed power capacity. It has also focused on promoting the construction of a 6 million kilowatt new energy base project in the northern Shanxi coal mining subsidence area with a total investment of nearly 40 billion yuan. After it is put into operation, it will be able to supply 10 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region every year.

Researchers from the  Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Zhejiang University have developed a highly passivated TOPCon bottom cell, achieving perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) with high open-circuit voltages (VOCs) and excellent efficiencies. 

The structure and performance of tandem devices with highly passivated TOPCon bottom cells. Image by Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) 

Numerous defects at the fragile silicon oxide/c-Si interface and the weak field-effect passivation on textured substrates reduce the VOCs of current TOPCon silicon solar cells, thus limiting their application for high-performance perovskite/silicon TSCs. In this study, the researchers prepared highly passivated p-type TOPCon structures and double-sided TOPCon bottom cells on industrial textured wafers via industry-compatible fabrication methods, including ambient-pressure thermal oxidation and in situ plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO, has opened a facility dedicated to taking its printed flexible solar technology out of the lab and into the real world, to help meet the growing demand for renewable energy across sectors. The facility received AUD$6.8 million (around USD$4,473,000) funding from Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) via the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP). 

CSIRO’s innovative solar cells are made using perovskites, printed on long continuous rolls of flexible film. This makes them lightweight, portable, and suitable for various applications across urban construction, space, defense, mining, emergency management, disaster relief, and wearables.

Researchers from South Korea's Jeonbuk National University examined the use of slot die coating (SDC) to make uniform high-quality perovskite films as a step towards large-area perovskite device manufacturing.

Schematic illustration of the perovskite lab cell-sized module. Image credit: Communications Materials

The team found that SDC increased the roughness of the hole transport layer (HTL) interface, which improved the wettability of the surface, enabling a high-quality perovskite film without bubbles or pinholes. A perovskite solar cell based on the film achieved 19.17% efficiency with “excellent” stability results, and a lab cell-sized module achieved 17.42% efficiency.

Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yonsei University, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) and Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET) have reported a high-efficiency and high-stability organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell production technology that maximizes near-infrared light capture beyond the existing visible light range.

The research team suggested a hybrid next-generation device structure with organic photo-semiconductors that complements perovskite materials limited to visible light absorption and expands the absorption range to near-infrared. In addition, they focused on a common issue that mainly occurs in the structure and developed a solution to this problem by introducing a dipole layer - a thin material layer that controls the energy level within the device to facilitate charge transport and forms an interface potential difference to improve device performance.

Researchers from Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have presented optimization strategies for top cell processing and integration into silicon heterojunction (SHJ) bottom cells based on industrial Czochralski (Cz)-Si wafers of 140 μm thickness. 

Schematic illustration of the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell based on 140 μm Cz-Si. Image credit: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

The team showed that combining the self-assembled monolayer [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) with an additional phosphonic acid (PA) with different functional groups, can improve film formation when used as a hole transport layer improving wettability, minimizing shunt fraction and reducing nonradiative losses at the buried interface. 

Before reaching large-scale production and deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their entire lifecycle - from preparation and operation to discarding, needs to be carefully considered. In a recent study, researchers from Donghua University and Kyushu University used bio-derived chitin-based polymers to realize the full lifecycle regulation of air-processed PSCs by forming multiple coordinated and hydrogen bonds to stabilize the lead iodide and organic salt precursor inks, accelerating the solid–liquid reaction and crystallization of two-step deposition process, then achieving the high crystalline and oriented perovskites with less notorious charge defects in the open air. 

The air-prepared PSCs exhibited an efficiency of 25.18% with high preparation reproducibility and improved operational stability toward the harsh environment and mechanical stress stimuli. The modified PSCs displayed negligible fatigue behavior, keeping 92% of its initial efficiency after operating for 32 diurnal cycles (ISOS-LC-1 protocol). 

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that incorporate a 2D/3D perovskite layer tend to demonstrate enhanced stability compared to that of their purely 3D counterparts, possibly thanks to the superior chemical stability of the 2D perovskite layer. However, the poor electrical properties of the 2D perovskite layer also limit further improvement of device performance. Moreover, the most effective hole transport layer (HTL) in 2D/3D PSCs, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI)-doped 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), usually needs prolonged exposure to air to improve its conductivity, which to some extent increases the risk of water/oxygen infiltrating into the perovskite layer, leading to the degradation of the perovskite active layer.

Researchers at China's Henan University and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have developed a multifunctional dopant, tin oxysulfide (SnSO) in the spiro-OMeTAD layer, to improve the efficiency and stability simultaneously.

Researchers from Australia’s University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney have developed a defects passivation strategy for chloride-iodide-based perovskite. The team targeted the hard-to-avoid local defects in chloride-iodide-based perovskites, using two organic halide passivators named 4-chlorobenzylammonium chloride and 4-chlorobenzylammonium bromide. 

The scientists passivate both the surface and bulk of the perovskite thin film. The surface of the perovskite thin film is passivated with the bulky organic benzylammonium cations. The bulk of the perovskite thin film is passivated with the diffusion of chlorine or bromine. 

Semi-transparent solar cells are appealing for many different applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), tandem solar cells and in wearable electronics. Perovskites could be ideal for semi-transparent applications as they are versatile and easy to optimize.

Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) must try to maximize efficiency and transparency. Methods such as bandgap engineering, thinning perovskite layers, and creating discontinuous structures are being developed to improve their performance. However, challenges still remain with ST-PSC development, such as phase stability and defect management.