Perovskite applications - Page 10

Researchers from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Technology and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have tackled a reproducibility challenge in black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃) perovskites. They explained that while this is the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI₃. The team found that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility issue. 

Growth of the photoactive black phase of formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃) usually requires dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, but the hygroscopic nature of this chemical also promotes water-induced degradation to the photoinactive phase. the scientists showed that a larger chlorinated organic molecule can form a hydrophobic capping layer that enables perovskite crystallization under humid conditions by protecting growing crystallites from water. 

A team of researchers, led by the Fudan University in China, has developed a p-i-n structure inverted perovskite solar cell that uses a synergistic bimolecular interlayer (SBI) and achieves what the team says is the smallest nonradiative recombination induced open-circuit voltage loss ever reported. 

Schematic illustration of p-i-n PSC using MPA/PEAI as SBI. Image from Nature Communications

The researchers' SBI strategy consisted of depositing 4-methoxyphenylphosphonic acid (MPA) and 2-phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) as modulators to functionalize the perovskite surface.

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Researchers from China's Zhejiang University, Westlake University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and University of California Los Angeles in the U.S have reported a family of high-entropy organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications.  

The scientists built, for the first time, an inverted perovskite solar cell relying on a high-entropy hybrid perovskite material. The result is a device with an improved open-circuit voltage and fill factor, due to reduced non-radiative recombinations and optimized interface.

Researchers from Zhejiang University of Technology and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have utilized two sulfone-based organic molecules known as diphenylsulfone (DPS) and 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylsulfone (DMPS) to passivate absorber defects in perovskite solar cells and improve their performance. As a result, the team reported a device with a higher electron cloud density at the interface between the perovskite material and the passivation layer.

The scientists used the molecules to improve charge distribution at the interface between the cell's perovskite absorber and the passivation layer, which reportedly creates electron-rich systems on the surface of perovskite. Using density functional theory (DFT) to compute a wide variety of properties of almost any kind of atomic system, they simulated the charge density distributions of the interactions of DPS and DMPS with formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) perovskite material.

Researchers from Zhejiang University, LinkZill Technology, Jilin University, and Linköping University have found that the electroluminescence rise time of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) can be reduced to microseconds using an individual-particle passivation strategy. This addresses a known issue with PeLEDs, that tend to have electroluminescence rise times over milliseconds due to ion migration in crystal structure, which is problematic for the development of high-refresh-rate displays.

The team demonstrated a second-generation digital display screen that uses perovskite light-emitting diodes instead of standard LED technology. In their study, the group made improvements to the device and demonstrated its sensing capability.

Researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have reported four-terminal perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction tandem solar cells, with the device structure comprising a perovskite single-junction top cell and monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem bottom cell.

The cells reportedly yielded a 31.5% power conversion efficiency, which the team said is the highest efficiency ever reported for perovskite-based 4-T and triple-junction tandem solar cells. The key feature of the cell is the hole transport layer of the top perovskite cell, which was engineered with self-assembled monolayers.

Researchers at Rice University, along with researchers from several institutions in the U.S. and abroad, including Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California, San Diego; University of Lille, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Centrale Lille Institut; University of Artois; Northwestern University; Purdue University; University of Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Washington; and Northwestern University, have described a way to synthesize formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) ⎯ the type of crystal currently used to make the highest-efficiency perovskite solar cells ⎯ into ultrastable, high-quality photovoltaic films. The overall efficiency of the resulting FAPbI₃ solar cells decreased by less than 3% over more than 1,000 hours of operation at temperatures of 85 degrees Celsius (185 Fahrenheit).

“Right now, we think that this is state of the art in terms of stability,” said Rice engineer Aditya Mohite, whose lab has achieved various improvements in perovskites’ durability and performance over the past several years. “Perovskite solar cells have the potential to revolutionize energy production, but achieving long-duration stability has been a significant challenge.”

Researchers at China's Shanghai University, Southern University of Science and Technology, The University of Hong Kong, Yunnan University, Beijing Institute of Technology and Japan's Yamagata University have developed a stable, efficient and high-color purity hybrid light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a tandem structure, by combining perovskite LED and commercial organic LED technologies. 

Device structure. Image credit: Light: Science & Applications

Perovskite-based LED technology can have tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth, which makes it a promising contender among current light-emitting display technologies. However, it still suffers from severe instability driven by electric field. The research team in this work set out to tackle this challenge, by developing a method to create efficient and stable hybrid perovskite-organic light-emitting diodes.

Researchers in China, led by Nanjing University, have designed a tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell with a top perovskite device based on an absorber treated with n-butanol (nBA), which reportedly reduces the detrimental effects of moisture in manufacturing processes carried out in air environment. The resulting PV device is said to have improved charge collection.

The nBA used by the team is a clear, colorless alcohol used as a cleaning agent in many industries, including electronics manufacturing. The team explained that it offers low polarity and saturation vapor pressure and ensures that the typical detrimental effects of moisture in perovskite cell fabrication in an ambient environment can be significantly reduced.