Researchers from China's Shaanxi Normal University, Zhejiang Normal University, China Institute of Radiation Protection and Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed lead-free photoferroelectric hybrid metal halide perovskite flexible membranes for wearable detectors, that offer excellent X-ray response with high sensitivities, low detection limit and impressive imaging capabilities. 

Demonstration and application potential for lead-free photoferroelectric perovskite membrane (LFPPM). a) Optical images of the LFPPM. b) Schematic diagram of LFPPM wearable X-ray dosimeter. c) Schematic diagram of the working principle of wearable X-ray dosimeter. (Image credit: Nanowerk)

High-sensitivity wearable radiation detectors are important for personnel protection in radiation environments such as defense, nuclear facilities, and medical fields. Traditional detectors using bulk crystals tend to lack flexibility. Hybrid metal halide perovskites have shown promise for next-generation radiation detection as they can efficiently absorb high-energy radiation and convert it into electrical signals. However, there are concerns of lead toxicity. More recent efforts have explored lead-free alternatives, but these have generally suffered from poor charge transport properties, reducing their effectiveness as radiation detectors.

Prominent U.S solar panel maker, First Solar (Nasdaq: FSLR), is reportedly building a new research and development (R&D) innovation center in Lake Township, Ohio, believed to be the largest facility of its kind in the Western Hemisphere - The Jim Nolan Center for Solar Innovation. The new center is part of an approximately half-billion dollar investment by First Solar in R&D infrastructure, and the company expects to also commission a perovskite development line at its Perrysburg, Ohio, campus in the second half of 2024. 

The facility covers 1.3 million square feet and includes a high-tech pilot manufacturing line allowing for the production of full-sized prototypes of thin film and tandem PV modules. Prior to the commissioning of the Jim Nolan Center, First Solar utilized a manufacturing line at its Perrysburg facility for its late-stage product development efforts. This arrangement limited the flexibility for development efforts and created constraints when mission-critical tools had to go offline. By resolving these limitations and constraints, the new facility is expected to accelerate innovation cycles.

INPEX CORPORATION, a large Japanese exploration and production (E&P) company, has announced it has made an investment in EneCoat Technologies, a Kyoto University-based startup company that develops next-generation perovskite solar cells. This is part of a series C round that totaled in 5.5 billion yen (around USD$35 million) and was led by Toyota’s growth fund, Woven Capital and and Mitsubishi HC Capital (in addition to INPEX). Existing investors Mirai Creation Fund III and Kyoto University Innovation Capital participated in the round, bringing the total funding raised to over 8 billion yen (over USD$50 million).

As perovskite solar cells use iodine compounds as raw materials, INPEX is well positioned to tap synergies in terms of raw material supply through its operations at the Naruto Gas Field in Chiba Prefecture, a water-soluble gas field where subsurface brine water is used to produce iodine following the extraction of natural gas.

Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reported a systematic study on the degradation mechanisms of p–i–n structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under reverse bias. Reverse bias is a phenomenon that can occur when, for example, an individual cell is shaded and other cells in the module try to push a higher current through it, increasing the temperature and potential damage to the cells. These conditions make solar cells unstable and deteriorate their performance over time.

The team's new strategy could improve the stability of PSCs under reverse bias conditions and facilitate the future deployment of perovskite-based photovoltaics (PVs) in real-world settings.

Singapore-based startup Singfilm Solar has announced it achieved a power conversion efficiency of 22.6% for a p-i-n structure perovskite solar panel. The result was said to be confirmed by China's National PV Industry Measurement and Testing Center (NPVM). 

The design of the mini modules includes eight sub-cells connected in series on a 55 mm × 55 mm substrate, each sub-cell with a width of 5.6 mm. Each sub-cell within the module reportedly demonstrates impressive performance metrics with an open-circuit voltage of 1.169 V, a short-circuit current of 25 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 77.4%.

Yayoi Takamura, professor and chair of materials science and engineering at the University of California, Davis, and researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have designed deep-learning model ensembles, a method in machine learning involving multiple neural networks, to investigate the magnetic behavior of perovskite oxide multilayers.

Perovskite oxides are gaining attention for use in next-generation magnetic and ferroelectric devices due to their exceptional charge transport properties and the opportunity to tune the different properties of electrons and atoms, including charge, spin, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom. While the materials may offer a pathway for innovative designs in perovskite oxide-based devices, the atomic-level compositions of the interfaces between perovskite oxides are unknown, therefore hindering the establishment of design principles using these materials. With this new model, the researchers investigated the effects of composition and process parameters on the magnetic behavior of perovskite oxide multilayers.

Researchers at The University of Toledo (UToledo), Northwestern University and University of Washington have focused on the stability of perovskite solar cells, and reported an adjustment to the chemical structure of a key component of a tandem cell that allows it to continuously generate electricity for more than 1,000 hours.

Image from Joule

“State-of-the-art all-perovskite tandem cells with a conventional hole-transfer layer can only continuously operate for hundreds of hours,” said Dr. Zhaoning Song, a co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UToledo. “Our innovation prolongs the stability of these devices, advancing all-perovskite tandem technology and bringing it closer to practical application.”

As silicon-based transistors approach their limits, researchers are exploring alternative materials to continue progress in semiconductor technology. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered promising candidates for next-generation electronics due to their exceptional electrical properties and nanoscale dimensions. Yet, the challenge of precisely controlling the electronic characteristics of CNTs has hindered their widespread adoption in practical applications.

Researchers at China's Peking University, Zhejiang University and Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) have developed an inner doping method by filling CNTs with 1D halide perovskites to form a coaxial heterojunction, which enables a stable n-type field-effect transistor for constructing complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor electronics.

Rice University materials scientist, Boris Yakobson, has won three awards from two federal agencies totaling $4,140,611 over several years to research challenging aspects of advanced materials’ production, performance and dynamics. A project titled “Mapping the synthetic routes for 2-dimensional materials” aims to unravel the molecular mechanisms that would enable the production of 2D materials for use in microchips and future electronics at industrial scale and quality.

Building on previous work on several iconic 2D materials such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide and hexagonal boron nitride, the Yakobson Research Group aims to establish a general approach to the development of predictive synthesis models for perovskites, nitrides, oxides and other materials coveted for energy and electronics applications.

Researchers from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Technology and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have tackled a reproducibility challenge in black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃) perovskites. They explained that while this is the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI₃. The team found that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility issue. 

Growth of the photoactive black phase of formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃) usually requires dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, but the hygroscopic nature of this chemical also promotes water-induced degradation to the photoinactive phase. the scientists showed that a larger chlorinated organic molecule can form a hydrophobic capping layer that enables perovskite crystallization under humid conditions by protecting growing crystallites from water.